Catalog: ONC BOCES Instructional Support Services

Search Options

Search Results (1 - 40 of 40)

1. 2025-2026 Statewide Itinerant Supervisor PLC

Program: Itinerant Services

Dates: 9/12/2025 to 6/5/2026

Monthly meetings to discuss current issues, network, share resources and best practices, and brainstorm ideas to improve Itinerant and Related Services within BOCES around the State.

2. Data-Based Decision-Making to Improve Student Performance Targeted Skills Group


Program: Regional Partnership Center

Audience: District and school administrators, literacy specialists, school psychologists, interventionists, other school staff


Only open to invited schools- Edmeston, Morris and Schenevus

Dates: 9/24/2025 to 5/21/2026

Targeted Skills Groups will adopt a team structure that focuses on data-based decision-making, while using a tool/checklist to ensure fidelity of implementation, in order to improve the outcomes for all students.


3. 25-26 Teacher of the Deaf and Hard of Hearing CLC

Program: Itinerant Services

Dates: 9/25/2025 to 6/25/2026

This is a collaborative learning community in which teachers/providers from around the state can gather to network, build relationships, collaborate, share ideas, and educate each other in the upcoming trends and regulations of their field. Updates from the field will be shared and new content explored as it becomes available. A meeting link will be sent to registrants several days prior to the meeting. If you do not receive this information, please reach out to Kimberlea Curran

4. Graduation Targeted Skills Group (TSG)

Program: Regional Partnership Center

Audience: Delaware Academy, Hunter-Tannersville Central School, Milford Central School, and Worcester Central School.

The district is asked to create a team of representatives that must include an administrative representative that has the authority to make decisions and CSE chairperson/director, as well as general and special education teachers, school counselor(s), and transition coordinator(s).

Dates: 10/7/2025 to 4/14/2026

The Graduation Targeted Skills Group (TSG) is a result of the OSE Educational Partnership Designations for a Focused Intervention. Districts will develop systems using evidence-based practices and best practices to enhance the successful completion of school for students with disabilities during the training sessions. Training will include information about Work-Based Learning (WBL), Student Centered Planning, Self-Determination, Career Development and Occupational Studies (CDOS) across the lifespan, Early Warning Systems, Transition Planning and Multiple Pathways to Graduation.

Coaching sessions will be held every other month where the district representative/teams will meet with the Regional Partnership Center (RPC) specialist and/or the Family Engagement Facilitator from the Family and Community Engagement Center (FACE) for a scaffolded approach to gathering and reviewing district specific data, determining root causes and creating a system to address those root causes including preventative procedures. It is an expectation of the Office of Special Education that this occurs for a minimum of 1 hour with at least one district team member. Registration for each session will be created once the date and time has been mutually agreed upon.


The districts are asked to create a team of representatives that must include an administrative representative that has the authority to make decisions and CSE chairpersons/ director, as well as general and special education teachers, school counselor(s), and transition coordinator(s,).

16 (minimally) Each Training Day 3 hours Coaching Days are district dependent 1 - 6 hours

5. April 2026 Faculty Meeting for NCOC

Program: ONC BOCES PD - NCOC

Dates: 4/14/2026

Starting Soon
Monthly building updates

6. April Faulty Meeting

Program: ONC BOCES PD - OAOC

Dates: 4/14/2026

Starting Soon
Monthly Building updates

7. From Compliance to Commitment: Engaging At-Risk Learners with UDL - OAOC

Program: Instructional Support/School Improvement

Audience: Crossroads and CTE Teachers

Dates: 4/14/2026

Starting Soon

Learn how the UDL framework can help you design learning experiences that spark interest, increase access, and strengthen independence for students who need school to work differently. Participants will leave with practical strategies tailored for CTE and alternative environments that can be implemented right away.

Conference

8. Regulate to Relate- OAOC

Program: ONC BOCES PD - OAOC

Location: Otsego Area Occupational Center (OAOC) (Milford, NY) [map]

Dates: 4/14/2026

NewStarting Soon
This session focuses on the critical role of the adult's emotional state in preventing and de-escalating crises. Drawing from TCIS principles such as the Stress Model of Crisis and The Importance of Knowing Yourself and the Student, the training emphasizes how staff must first regulate themselves in order to be effective co-regulators for students. This professional development will also count towards total hours for recertification for those certified in TCIS.

9. Creating the IEP

Program: Regional Partnership Center

Audience: General and special education teachers, psychologists, related services, and chairpersons. Administrators who
may be in a dual administrative role such as chairpersons or directors of special education

Dates: 4/15/2026

Starting Soon
Participants will develop their understanding of the components of a quality IEP designed to
provide students with disabilities access to the general education curriculum.

10. April 2026 SEAC Meeting

Program: Itinerant Services

Dates: 4/16/2026

Starting Soon
We are excited to offer another year of SEAC. This PD opportunity will focus on the following: - Light Up The Learning Brain Book study - Instructional Leadership - Using data for decision making - Creating and maintaining a welcoming and affirming environment - NYSED, BOCES, and RPC updates, announcements, and Round Table - Monthly PD opportunities We provide a quiet workspace from 8-8:30am for those who would like to arrive early and complete book study reading.

11. From Compliance to Commitment: Engaging At-Risk Learners with UDL - NCOC

Program: Instructional Support/School Improvement

Audience: Crossroads and CTE Teachers

Dates: 4/16/2026

Starting Soon

Learn how the UDL framework can help you design learning experiences that spark interest, increase access, and strengthen independence for students who need school to work differently. Participants will leave with practical strategies tailored for CTE and alternative environments that can be implemented right away.

Conference

12. Regulate to Relate- NCOC

Program: ONC BOCES PD - NCOC

Location: Northern Catskills Occupational Center (NCOC) (Grand Gorge, NY) [map]

Dates: 4/16/2026

NewStarting Soon
This session focuses on the critical role of the adult's emotional state in preventing and de-escalating crises. Drawing from TCIS principles such as the Stress Model of Crisis and The Importance of Knowing Yourself and the Student, the training emphasizes how staff must first regulate themselves in order to be effective co-regulators for students. This professional development will also count towards total hours for recertification for those certified in TCIS.

13. IEP Writing Workshop at ONC BOCES- NCOC

Program: Regional Partnership Center

Audience: Special Education teachers and Related Service Providers

Dates: 4/20/2026

Disclaimer: Participants must attend Creating the IEP training before they will have access to this IEP Writing Day. If you attended Creating the IEP in the 2024-2025 school year, you are able to attend. Participants will:
Learn how to write quality IEPs with review around Present Levels of Performance, Goal Writing, and Accommodationations/Modifications
Have collaboration time to work with other educators throughout the region and ask questions of the trainer

Participants should bring draft copies (or electronic access to a draft) of IEPs to work throughout the day.

14. Your Literacy Curriculum: Evaluating Alignment with the Science of Reading

Program: Regional Partnership Center

Audience: Administrators, Literacy Specialists; Special Education Teachers; General Education Teachers; School Psychologists

Dates: 4/21/2026

The Reviewing Your Literacy Curriculum: Evaluating Alignment with the Science of Reading training was developed to provide participants with essential information necessary for preparing for and conducting a review of their district's current literacy curriculum. A school's core literacy curriculum serves as a critical foundation for all levels of reading instruction including for those students receiving supplemental support, intervention, or special education services. It is equally important for literacy curriculum to reflect the evidence-based content and instructional methods found in reading science as well as be free of practices that scientific research has shown to be ineffective or detrimental to learning. Participants will examine the purpose of regularly evaluating their literacy curriculum, review the key elements of the Science of Reading, and learn how to develop a curriculum review team. The training will also teach participants how to use the Reading League's Curriculum Evaluation Guidelines and Reviewer Workbook to evaluate their current curriculum for instructional gaps that should be corrected to provide students with highly effective and evidence-based literacy instruction. Finally, the training will address how participants can plan to address instructional gaps through implementing necessary initiatives and practices.

15. Building Your Co-Teaching Team

Program: Regional Partnership Center

Audience: Special education teachers; general education teachers; administrators

Dates: 4/23/2026

In this workshop we will focus on the three key components of an effective co-teaching partnership which are co-respect, co-responsibility and co-planning. Building and maintaining a strong partnership is essential for optimizing the benefits of co-teaching for student learning. The blended expertise of the team provides teachers with a unique opportunity to reach many more students academically, emotionally and behaviorally. It is critical to understand the importance of both building a strong partnership as well as maintaining the strong partnership through ongoing reflective practices

16. Building Better Writers: An Introduction to SRSD and Explicit Writing Instruction

Program: Instructional Support/School Improvement

Audience: Teachers

Dates: 4/28/2026


This hands-on workshop cuts through the noise and brings together the most powerful, research-proven frameworks in writing instruction today. Grounded in the Science of Writing, this entry-level session weaves together the complementary approaches of thinkSRSD/Releasing Writers (Dr. Leslie Laud), The Writing Revolution (Dr. Judith Hochman), and other cornerstone evidence-based strategies to give you a clear, cohesive picture of what explicit writing instruction looks like - from kindergarten through 12th grade. We'll explore how skilled writers think, plan, draft, and revise - and more importantly, how to teach those invisible processes explicitly, systematically, and with joy.


***ISSC Parking - Please use the back parking lot behind our building first. When at full capacity we may use the side and front lots. Please do not park in the spots directly against the backside of the building as these belong to the businesses. Thank you!***

17. IEP Writing Workshop @ ONC BOCES ISSC in Oneonta

Program: Regional Partnership Center

Audience: Special Education teachers and Related Service Providers

Dates: 4/29/2026

Disclaimer: Participants must attend Creating the IEP training before they will have access to this IEP Writing Day. If you attended Creating the IEP in the 2025-2025 school year, you are able to attend.

Participants will:
Learn how to write quality IEPs with review around Present Levels of Performance, Goal Writing, and Accommodationations/Modifications
Have collaboration time to work with other educators throughout the region and ask questions of the trainer

Participants should bring draft copies (or electronic access to a draft) of IEPs to work throughout the day.

18. Performance-Based Learning and Assessment in Middle & High School - NCOC

Program: Instructional Support/School Improvement

Dates: 4/30/2026


This event, which will be a hybrid webinar with in-person discussions and presentations, will provide New York State administrators and school leaders with an opportunity to engage in regional discussions about approaches to performances-based learning and assessment (PBLA) that support local implementation of NY Inspires and NY's Educational Assessment Strategy in middle and high school. Please note that to attend this event, you must attend in person at a BOCES or Big 5 designated site.

Lunch will be provided.

19. Performance-Based Learning and Assessment in Middle & High School - OAOC

Program: Instructional Support/School Improvement

Dates: 4/30/2026


This event, which will be a hybrid webinar with in-person discussions and presentations, will provide New York State administrators and school leaders with an opportunity to engage in regional discussions about approaches to performances-based learning and assessment (PBLA) that support local implementation of NY Inspires and NY's Educational Assessment Strategy in middle and high school. Please note that to attend this event, you must attend in person at a BOCES or Big 5 designated site.

Lunch will be provided.

20. AI After School-NotebookLM

Program: Model Schools

Audience: Teachers

Dates: 4/30/2026


This four-session professional development series introduces educators to practical AI tools designed to enhance productivity and streamline educational tasks. Offered monthly on the last Thursday from 3-4 PM via Zoom, participants will explore foundational AI prompting techniques and learn to leverage specific platforms including Magic School, NotebookLM, and Google Gems to create resources, transform content, and automate routine tasks.

This session demonstrates how to leverage NotebookLM's capabilities to transform existing documents into alternative formats such as podcasts and videos, expanding content accessibility and engagement options.

21. IEP Writing Workshop

Program: Regional Partnership Center

Audience: Special Education teachers and Related Service Providers

Dates: 5/6/2026

Disclaimer: Participants must attend Creating the IEP training before they will have access to this IEP Writing Day. If you attended Creating the IEP in the 2023-2024 school year, you are able to attend.

Participants will:
Learn how to write quality IEPs with review around Present Levels of Performance, Goal Writing, and Accommodationations/Modifications
Have collaboration time to work with other educators throughout the region and ask questions of the trainer

Participants should bring draft copies (or electronic access to a draft) of IEPs to work throughout the day.

22. Co-Teaching, Module 3: Planning for Instruction

Program: Regional Partnership Center

Audience: Special education teachers; general education teachers; administrators

Dates: 5/7/2026

In educational research, co-teaching is referred to as the instructional methodology or structure that two teachers use. Co-planning is critical to the success of this teaching structure. The purpose of this training is to provide foundational knowledge for the effectiveness of purposeful co-planning. In addition, participants will gain knowledge about options for co-planning and apply the information to co-plan a lesson for current or future use. Co-teaching can be applied in any situation when two teachers provide instruction together. It is highly recommended that co-teaching teams attend together, although the information provided will benefit individual teacher practice as well.

23. Function Based Thinking: Applying a Proactive Process to Support Student Behavior in the Classroom

Program: Regional Partnership Center

Audience: Administrators, CSE chairpersons, P-12 Special Education Teachers, Counselors, Social Workers, Regular Education Teachers, School Psychologists, and any members of district staff who might be included on a team for MTSS behavior support.

Dates: 5/12/2026

This training package offers an overview of challenging behaviors, the behavior pathway, and the function-based thinking process. Function-based thinking is a Tier 1 support that can be used for all students, which requires teachers to informally gather data on student behavior, analyze the behavioral data and use the behavior pathway to determine the function of the behavior, and to match interventions to the function of the student behavior. Function-Based thinking can support school staff in determining appropriate intervention measures that will help eliminate unwanted behaviors, which may lead to fewer suspensions and be associated with an increase in academic engagement and performance.

Participants will be able to:
describe challenging behaviors
understand the behavior pathway and use it to determine the function of behaviors
understand the function-based thinking process to prevent or extinguish unwanted behaviors by selecting intervention measures that meet the function of the behavior.

24. An Overview of Pre-Employment Transition Services (Pre-ETS)

Program: Regional Partnership Center

Audience: Special education and general education teachers and administrators, paraprofessionals, related services professionals, guidance/school counselors, and work-based learning (WBL) coordinators.


Dates: 5/13/2026

Goals of the Training:
This training will focus on reviewing Pre-Employment Transition Services (Pre-ETS), integrating Pre-ETS into transition-focused Individualized Education Programs (IEPs), and highlight how strong community partnerships ensure successful outcomes.

25. Annual School Librarians and Administrators Symposium and Principal's Academy

Program: School Library System

Audience: School Librarians & Administrators

Dates: 5/20/2026

School librarians and administrators will be learning and growing together while celebrating school libraries. Join us for a wonderful keynote speaker, John Schu, as he focuses on the love of libraries. We'll a full day of celebrating all things school library. The day will include breakout sessions for Principals's Academy and for librarians, and we'll join together for a celebratory lunch.

26. Creating the IEP

Program: Regional Partnership Center

Audience: General and special education teachers, psychologists, related services, and chairpersons. Administrators who
may be in a dual administrative role such as chairpersons or directors of special education

Dates: 5/20/2026

Participants will develop their understanding of the components of a quality IEP designed to
provide students with disabilities access to the general education curriculum.

27. The Career Development and Occupational Studies (CDOS) Learning Standards Across the Lifespan: Connecting Knowledge to Skills

Program: Regional Partnership Center

Audience: General and special education teachers and administrators, related service personnel, school counselors, agency representatives, families, and students.

Dates: 5/21/2026

Goals of the Training: The goals of this training are to ensure that participants will: 1. Identify foundational New York State (NYS) Part 100 Regulations and field memos related to career exploration and development in the classroom 2. Identify effective instructional design practices to teach academic and transition skills simultaneously 3. Apply the CDOS learning standards into all academic instruction across all grade levels 4. Recognize how the CDOS learning standards support all of the Multiple Pathways to Graduation and Exiting Credentials

28. IEP Writing Workshop @ ONC BOCES ISSC in Oneonta

Program: Regional Partnership Center

Audience: Special Education teachers and Related Service Providers

Dates: 5/22/2026

Disclaimer: Participants must attend Creating the IEP training before they will have access to this IEP Writing Day. If you attended Creating the IEP in the 2025-2025 school year, you are able to attend.

Participants will:
Learn how to write quality IEPs with review around Present Levels of Performance, Goal Writing, and Accommodationations/Modifications
Have collaboration time to work with other educators throughout the region and ask questions of the trainer

Participants should bring draft copies (or electronic access to a draft) of IEPs to work throughout the day.

29. The Career Development and Occupational Studies (CDOS) Learning Standards Across the Lifespan: Connecting Knowledge to Skills

Program: Regional Partnership Center

Audience: General and special education teachers and administrators, related service personnel, school counselors, agency representatives, families, and students.

Dates: 5/22/2026

Goals of the Training:
The goals of this training are to ensure that participants will:
1. Identify foundational New York State (NYS) Part 100 Regulations and field memos related to career exploration and development in the classroom
2. Identify effective instructional design practices to teach academic and transition skills simultaneously
3. Apply the CDOS learning standards into all academic instruction across all grade levels
4. Recognize how the CDOS learning standards support all of the Multiple Pathways to Graduation and Exiting Credentials

30. Foundations of Effective Reading Instruction: Understanding the Science of Reading

Program: Regional Partnership Center

Audience: Literacy Specialists; Special Education Teachers; General Education Teachers; School Psychologists; Principals

Dates: 5/28/2026

Participants will be able to:
-describe the current status of reading achievement of students in the United States and New York State;
-describe the gap between what is known about effective reading instruction and the implementation of effective reading instruction;
-identify theories of reading that are supported by research; and
list the skills that are essential for proficient reading and how to best teach those skills

31. Diploma and Credential Options for Students with Disabilities

Program: Regional Partnership Center

Audience: General and Special Education Administrators, Special Education Teachers, School Counselors, School Psychologists and other Related Service Providers.

Dates: 5/28/2026

This training is designed to ensure that students with disabilities and their families are aware of the multiple pathways to graduate school with a diploma and exiting credentials.
1. Define Self-Determination
2. Discuss credit requirements for graduation
3. Discuss the multiple pathways to Regents diploma
4. Discuss appeal eligibility criteria
5. Discuss safety nets for students with disabilities
6. Discuss exiting credentials

32. Diploma and Credential Options for Students with Disabilities

Program: Regional Partnership Center

Audience: General and Special Education Administrators, Special Education Teachers, School Counselors, School Psychologists and other Related Service Providers.

Dates: 5/28/2026

This training is designed to ensure that students with disabilities and their families are aware of the multiple pathways to graduate school with a diploma and exiting credentials.
1. Define Self-Determination
2. Discuss credit requirements for graduation
3. Discuss the multiple pathways to Regents diploma
4. Discuss appeal eligibility criteria
5. Discuss safety nets for students with disabilities
6. Discuss exiting credentials

33. AI After School-Google Gems

Program: Model Schools

Audience: Teachers

Dates: 5/28/2026


"This four-session professional development series introduces educators to practical AI tools designed to enhance productivity and streamline educational tasks. Offered monthly on the last Thursday from 3-4 PM via Zoom, participants will explore foundational AI prompting techniques and learn to leverage specific platforms including Magic School, NotebookLM, and Google Gems to create resources, transform content, and automate routine tasks.

Educators will learn to create and deploy custom Google Gems-personalized AI assistants designed to automate repetitive tasks and accelerate workflow completion across various educational responsibilities.

34. Model Schools Regional Meeting

Program: Instructional Support/School Improvement

Audience: Teachers, Model Schools Representatives

Dates: 5/29/2026


Quarterly meeting to discuss statewide and regional technology updates and learn about emerging technology trends. Agenda to be determined based on time of year and participant need.


***ISSC Parking - Please use the back parking lot behind our building first. When at full capacity we may use the side and front lots. Please do not park in the spots directly against the backside of the building as these belong to the businesses. Thank you!***

35. June Principals Academy

Program: Principals' Academy

Audience: ONC BOCES component district Principals

Dates: 6/3/2026


The 2025-2026 Principals' Academy will provide building leaders across the region with monthly opportunities for professional learning, collaboration, and updates. This year's sessions will focus on:

*Book Study: The Next Conversation by Jefferson Fisher or Leaders Eat Last by Simon Sinek.

*Instructional Leadership: Exploring the Leadership Compass as our guiding theme for the year.

*Data-Driven Decision Making: Strengthening school improvement through effective use of data.

*School Culture: Creating and maintaining a welcoming and affirming environment for all students and staff.

*Curriculum and instruction: supporting the New York State Education Department initiatives on Portrait of a Graduate, literacy and numeracy.

*Instructional technology: How to use AI and support appropriate use of this in your school building.

*Special education: Supporting inclusive practices and compliance while meeting the needs of all learners.

*NYSED & BOCES Updates: Key announcements, resources, and a collaborative round table discussions.

We provide a quiet workspace from 8:00 - 8:30 a.m. for those who would like to arrive early and complete book study reading. Light breakfast refreshments, coffee/tea/water, and lunch are provided.

***ISSC Parking - Please use the back parking lot behind our building first. When at full capacity we may use the side and front lots. Please do not park in the spots directly against the backside of the building as these belong to the businesses. Thank you!***

36. Creating the IEP

Program: Regional Partnership Center

Audience: General and special education teachers, psychologists, related services, and chairpersons. Administrators who
may be in a dual administrative role such as chairpersons or directors of special education

Dates: 6/17/2026

Participants will develop their understanding of the components of a quality IEP designed to
provide students with disabilities access to the general education curriculum.

37. Diverse Books Club: The Life and Crimes of Hoodie Rosen

Program: School Library System

Audience: School Librarians and High School Teachers and Administrators

Dates: 6/17/2026

Participants in our DEI Book Series will read The Life and Crimes of Hoodie Rosen by Isaac Blum. We will meet via Zoom on June 17, 2026 to discuss themes and resources for teaching in a classroom. A Zoom link will be sent to participants the day prior to meeting. Participants will be given a copy of the book.

38. Universal Screening: Best Practices in Screening for Academic Deficits (Asynchronous training from June 1st to June 26th)

Program: Regional Partnership Center

Audience: Administrators, Literacy Specialists, School Psychologists, General Education Teachers, Special Education Teachers, any others interested in implementing universal screening

Dates: 6/26/2026

Self Paced
The purpose of this training is to provide participants with an overview of what universal screening is and how to
adopt this practice in their schools. At the conclusion of this training, participants should be able to:
1. Define universal screening
2. Describe the purpose of universal screening
3. Describe the features of a high-quality universal screening measure
4. Identify tools to guide them in selecting a universal screening measure
5. Describe ways in which data from a universal screening measure can be used

Credit will be given based on activities completed.

***Please ignore the date and time of this training. This is a self-paced asynchronous training open from June 1st to June 26th***

39. Specially Designed Instruction for Administrators (Asynchronous from June 1st- June 30th)

Program: Regional Partnership Center

Audience: Administrators

Dates: 6/30/2026

Self Pace
The Specially Designed Instruction for Administrators professional development training package is the fifth in a suite of training on the development and use of specially designed instruction (SDI) for students with disabilities. This training is intended to further develop administrator's knowledge of SDI and how SDI should be designed and developed based on individual student need to address their learning barriers. Administrators will be able to define SDI, recognize how to differentiate SDI from general education, identify what SDI looks like in the classroom setting, and gain necessary skills for supervision of implementation of SDI. This package is primarily designed to be delivered as a 2-3 hour in-person training; however, the training is structured to allow for online delivery based upon EO scheduling requirements.


***Please ignore the date and time of this course. This is a self-paced course that will start June 1st-June 30th***

40. IMSE Orton-Gillingham Plus (OG+)

Program: Instructional Support/School Improvement

Audience: Teachers

Dates: 7/20/2026 to 7/24/2026

New

The IMSE Orton-Gillingham Plus (OG+) course and curriculum equips educators with the essential strategies, tools, and resources to teach foundational literacy skills effectively. Designed for seamless implementation across all Response to Intervention (RTI) tiers, OG+ provides explicit guidance on adjusting instructional scaffolds to support intervention, core instruction, and acceleration based on student needs. The curriculum also includes specialized resources to support English Learners, ensuring equitable access to effective literacy instruction. OG+ covers all critical components of structured literacy, including phonological awareness, phonics, word analysis, spelling, fluency, vocabulary, comprehension, and writing. Embedded ongoing assessments allow educators to monitor student progress and make data-driven instructional decisions to meet the needs of all learners. The OG+ Curriculum provides daily lesson plans and structured routines for key literacy components, ensuring consistent and practical instruction. Educators have access to step-by-step guidance for phoneme blending and segmenting, word chaining, cumulative review, spelling, reading, vocabulary, and interactive read-alouds that focus on oral language and comprehension.

Orton Gillingham Plus Training- cost per participant is $1735, which includes all Kindergarten through 2nd grade materials.

Firm Deadline for registration is May 29th - no exceptions as we need to order the materials.

*** ISSC Parking - Please use the back parking lot behind our building first. When at full capacity we may use the side and front lots. Please do not park in the spots directly against the backside of the building as these belong to the businesses. Thank you!***